Many organizations have established standards that address lead-acid battery safety, performance, testing, and maintenance.

Standards are norms or requirements that establish a basis for the common understanding and judgment of materials, products, and processes. Standards are an invaluable tool in industry and business, because they streamline business practices and provide a level playing field for businesses to develop products and services. They are also critical to ensuring that products and services are safe for consumers and the environment.

A number of standards have been developed for the design, testing, and installation of lead-acid batteries. The internationally recognized standards listed in this section have been created by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). These standards have been selected because they pertain to lead-acid Batteries and Battery Management in stationary applications, including uninterruptible power supply (UPS), rural electrification, and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. These standards should be referenced when procuring and evaluating equipment and professional services.

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Flooded Lead-Acid

• IEC 60896-11 ed1.0: Stationary Lead-Acid Batteries - Part 11: Vented types - General requirements and methods of tests

Valve Regulated Lead-Acid

• IEC 60896-21 ed1.0: Stationary Lead-Acid Batteries - Part 21: Valve regulated types - Methods of test
• IEC 60896-22 ed1.0: Stationary Lead-Acid Batteries - Part 22: Valve regulated types - Requirements

Rural Electrification

• IEC TS 62257-8-1:2018: Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification - Part 8-1: Selection of batteries and battery management systems for stand-alone electrification systems - Specific case of automotive flooded lead-acid batteries available in developing countries

Safety

• IEC 62485-2 ed1.0: Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations - Part 2: Stationary batteries

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Flooded or Vented Lead-Acid

• IEEE 450-2010: Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications
• IEEE 484-2019: IEEE Approved Draft Recommended Practice for Installation Design and Installation of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications

 Valve Regulated Lead-Acid

• IEEE 1187-2013: Recommended Practice for Installation Design and Installation of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications
• IEEE 1188-2005: Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications
• IEEE 1189-2007: Guide for Selection of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications

Solar System

• IEEE 937-2019: Recommended Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
• IEEE 1013-2019: Recommended Practice for Sizing Lead-Acid Batteries for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
• IEEE 1361-2014: Guide for Selection, Charging, Testing, and Evaluating Lead-Acid Batteries Used in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
• IEEE 1562-2007: Guide for Array and Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
• IEEE 1661-2019: Guide for Test and Evaluation of Lead-Acid Batteries Used in Photovoltaic (PV) Hybrid Power Systems

System Design

• IEEE 85-2020: Recommended Practice for Sizing Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications
• IEEE 1184-2006: Guide for Batteries for Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems

Other

• IEEE 1375-1998: Guide for the Protection of Stationary Battery Systems
• IEEE 1491-2012: Guide for Selection and Use of Battery Monitoring Equipment in Stationary Applications
• IEEE 1561-2019: Guide for Optimizing the Performance and Life of Lead-Acid Batteries in Remote Hybrid Power Systems
• IEEE 1657-2018: Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifications for Installation and Maintenance of Stationary Batteries